Balancing Tradition and Innovation: The Evolving Legal Landscape of National Security in India In an era marked by rapidly evolving threats—ranging from cyber-attacks and hybrid warfare to non-traditional terrorism—the legal architecture governing India’s defence and homeland security must be as dynamic as the challenges it seeks to address. Traditional statutory provisions and established legal doctrines, while foundational, often fall short in encapsulating the complexities of modern security paradigms. This article introduces an original concept—the Doctrine of Adaptive Sovereignty —a forward-looking legal framework aimed at harmonizing traditional legal principles with the exigencies of contemporary national security challenges. Historical and Contemporary Legal Framework The evolution of India’s legal landscape in defence and homeland security is deeply rooted in its colonial legacy and subsequent constitutional evolution. Statutes such as the National Security Act (NSA) , the A...